Tuesday, January 29, 2013

Britain ups aid for Mali, Africa but wary of mission creep

LONDON (Reuters) - Britain increased its offer of aid to France and African governments on Tuesday to help them counter Islamist militants in Africa but limited the scope of its support for fear of being dragged into an Afghanistan-style quagmire.

Defence Secretary Philip Hammond told parliament that up to 240 soldiers could take part in missions to train African troops, and that at least 90 more are already taking part in logistical operations to support French troops fighting in Mali.

"The UK has a clear interest in the stability of Mali and ensuring that its territory does not become an ungoverned space available to al Qaeda and its associates," Hammond said.

"We are very clear about the risks of mission creep and we have defined very carefully the support we are willing and able to provide," he added.

British troops will not have a combat role, he stressed.

In a further sign of Britain's concern over developments in northern Africa, Prime Minister David Cameron will travel to Algeria on Wednesday, his office said.

An Islamist militant attack on Algeria's In Amenas natural gas complex earlier this month left at least 38 hostages dead, including up to six Britons.

Cameron, who has spoken of a "generational struggle" against Islamist extremists in the region, will meet Algerian Prime Minister Abdelmalek Sellal, a British government source said.

After the gas complex assault, Cameron said Britain needed to "thicken" its contacts with Algeria to help the North African state in its "long running battle against terror".

Britain will withdraw some 9,000 troops from a long and costly mission in Afghanistan by the end of 2014, and the public - squeezed by spending cuts to fix a big budget deficit - has little appetite for another expensive military adventure.

In contrast to previous major military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, Britain now says it is better to have limited Western military interventions, and that local forces - with Western backing - should take the lead in ensuring security.

Hammond played down the prospect of long-term Western involvement in Mali, saying that France had assured him of a "short intervention" to stabilise the situation on the ground, and that African and Malian troops would then take over.

Up to 40 of the troops Britain has offered are for a European Union training mission in Mali, and up to 200 are for a regional African Union-led training mission involving anglophone West African countries such as Nigeria, Ghana and Sierra Leone.

British logistical and equipment aid to Mali has so far included the use of two C-17 transport planes and a Sentinel surveillance plane based at Dakar in neighbouring Senegal.

In response to a French request on Sunday for more help, Britain said it would also offer a ferry to transport French troops and equipment, and allow France and its allies to use U.S. bases in Britain to refuel aircraft.

Britain has also offered to set up a "Combined Joint Logistics Headquarters" in Mali, but France believes such a facility is not needed for now, Cameron's spokesman said.

(Additional reporting by Andrew Osborn and Tim Castle; editing by Steve Addison)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/uk-offers-240-troops-mali-african-training-missions-120615177.html

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FMYI Converts To Twitter Bootstrap To Simplify Social Network Development

FMYI_logoLast week I stopped by the offices of FMYI, a small Portland-based company that is one of the first enterprise social networks to use?Twitter Bootstrap.

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Monday, January 28, 2013

Cities affect temperatures for thousands of miles

Monday, January 28, 2013

Even if you live more than 1,000 miles from the nearest large city, it could be affecting your weather.

In a new study that shows the extent to which human activities are influencing the atmosphere, scientists have concluded that the heat generated by everyday activities in metropolitan areas alters the character of the jet stream and other major atmospheric systems. This affects temperatures across thousands of miles, significantly warming some areas and cooling others, according to the study in Nature Climate Change.

The extra "waste heat" generated from buildings, cars, and other sources in major Northern Hemisphere urban areas causes winter warming across large areas of northern North American and northern Asia. Temperatures in some remote areas increase by as much as 1 degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit), according to the research by scientists at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego; Florida State University; and the National Center for Atmospheric Research.

At the same time, the changes to atmospheric circulation caused by the waste heat cool areas of Europe by as much as 1 degree C (1.8 degrees F), with much of the temperature decrease occurring in the fall.

The net effect on global mean temperatures is nearly negligible?an average increase worldwide of just 0.01 degrees C (about 0.02 degrees F). This is because the total human-produced waste heat is only about 0.3 percent of the heat transported across higher latitudes by atmospheric and oceanic circulations.

However, the noticeable impact on regional temperatures may explain why some regions are experiencing more winter warming than projected by climate computer models, the researchers conclude. They suggest that models be adjusted to take the influence of waste heat into account.

"The burning of fossil fuel not only emits greenhouse gases but also directly affects temperatures because of heat that escapes from sources like buildings and cars," says NCAR scientist Aixue Hu, a co-author of the study. "Although much of this waste heat is concentrated in large cities, it can change atmospheric patterns in a way that raises or lowers temperatures across considerable distances."

The researchers stressed that the effect of waste heat is distinct from the so-called urban heat island effect. Such islands are mainly a function of the heat collected and re-radiated by pavement, buildings, and other urban features, whereas the new study examines the heat produced directly through transportation, heating and cooling units, and other activities.

The study, "Energy consumption and the unexplained winter warming over northern Asia and North America" appears this Sunday. It was funded by the National Science Foundation, NCAR's sponsor, as well as the Department of Energy and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Hu, along with lead author Guang Zhang of Scripps and Ming Cai of Florida State University, analyzed the energy consumption ? from heating buildings to powering vehicles ? that generates waste heat release. The world's total energy consumption in 2006 was equivalent to a constant-use rate of 16 terawatts (one terawatt, or TW, equals 1 trillion watts). Of that, an average rate of 6.7 TW was consumed in 86 metropolitan areas in the Northern Hemisphere.

Using a computer model of the atmosphere, the authors found that the influence of this waste heat can widen the jet stream.

"What we found is that energy use from multiple urban areas collectively can warm the atmosphere remotely, thousands of miles away from the energy consumption regions," Zhang says. "This is accomplished through atmospheric circulation change."

The release of waste heat is different from energy that is naturally distributed in the atmosphere, the researchers noted. The largest source of heat, solar energy, warms Earth's surface and atmospheric circulations redistribute that energy from one region to another. Human energy consumption distributes energy that had lain dormant and sequestered for millions of years, mostly in the form of oil or coal.

Though the amount of human-generated energy is a small portion of that transported by nature, it is highly concentrated in urban areas. In the Northern Hemisphere, many of those urban areas lie directly under major atmospheric troughs and jet streams.

"The world's most populated and energy-intensive metropolitan areas are along the east and west coasts of the North American and Eurasian continents, underneath the most prominent atmospheric circulation troughs and ridges," Cai says. "The release of this concentrated waste energy causes the noticeable interruption to the normal atmospheric circulation systems above, leading to remote surface temperature changes far away from the regions where waste heat is generated."

###

Energy consumption and the unexplained winter warming over northern Asia and North America

Authors: Ghang J. Zhang, Ming Cai, and Aixue Hu

Publication: Nature Climate Change, Jan. 27, 2013

National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research: http://www.ucar.edu/news

Thanks to National Center for Atmospheric Research/University Corporation for Atmospheric Research for this article.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/126484/Cities_affect_temperatures_for_thousands_of_miles

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Novel materials: Smart and magnetic

Jan. 28, 2013 ? Varying magnetic fields and temperature conditions help to elucidate smart materials' transitory magnetic disorder

Novel, smart materials like shape memory alloys very often display so-called glass-like magnetism. Other smart materials with similar properties include those which, when exposed to a magnetic field, change their electrical resistance, known as manganites, or change their temperature, known as magnetocaloric materials. Kaustav Mukherjee and his colleagues from the Consortium for Scientific Research Indore in India studied a key stage in the formation of such a magnetic glass material, called Pr0.5 Ca0.5 Mn0.975 Al0.025 O3, in a paper about to be published in The European Physical Journal B.

They focused on the stage where 'water to ice' style transformation -- referred to as first-order magnetic transformation -- is arrested upon cooling. This is a phenomenon dubbed kinetic arrest, corresponding to a temperature where the material undergoes a transition from a magnetic to a non-magnetic state, with the two phases competing with each other.

Glass-like magnetic materials display fragile magnetic properties. They draw their name from the similarity to the fragility observed in conventional, chemical glass. If a magnetic field is applied while the sample is cooled to what is referred to as its transition temperature, magnetisation of the sample increases and the material becomes magnetic. However, the magnetisation continues to increase further with time, even if the magnetic field and temperature remain constant.

The authors performed bulk measurements of magnetisation on powder samples of Pr0.5 Ca0.5 Mn0.975 Al0.025 O3, at the transition point between magnetic and non-magnetic states. To do so, they simultaneously varied both the magnetic field and the temperature of the sample. They observed the formation of the kinetic arrest band and showed that it is inversely correlated with states reached at extremes of temperature described at supercooling and superheating bands. They then established that the kinetic arrested state is different from the supercooled state.

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Journal Reference:

  1. Kaustav Mukherjee, Kranti Kumar, Alok Banerjee, Praveen Chaddah. On the correlation between supercooling, superheating and kinetic arrest in a magnetic glass Pr0.5Ca0.5Mn0.975Al0.025O3. The European Physical Journal B, 2013; 86 (1) DOI: 10.1140/epjb/e2012-30748-y

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

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Sunday, January 27, 2013

Paul Ryan On Meet The Press: 'We Don't Want A Dependency Culture'

  • Obama On Taxes

    Roll back Bush tax cuts for upper-income people. He compromised with the GOP and went along with renewing the expiring across-the-board tax cuts begun by his Republican predecessor, even though he wanted to revert to higher rates for couples making over $250,000 and individuals making over $200,000. Obama is still promising to raise those rates and more ? and pretty much needs to, because much of his agenda depends on getting more tax revenue from wealthier people. (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; Photo by Win McNamee/Getty Images)

  • Romney On Jobs

    Create 12 million jobs in four years. Romney sets a modest bar with this oft-heard pledge; economists think about that many jobs or more will be created regardless of the outcome Tuesday. To add 12 million, the workforce would have to grow by an average of 250,000 a month, a reasonable prospect when there is no recession. Since July, the economy has created an average of 173,000 jobs a month. (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; EMMANUEL DUNAND/AFP/Getty Images)

  • Obama On The Deficit

    Put government on a path to cutting deficits by $4 trillion over 10 years. A tall order, and his performance on it over the next four years would help shape his legacy for better or worse. He failed in his first-term promise to cut deficits by half, instead running trillion-dollar deficits for four straight years due largely to the recession he inherited, a halting comeback and big spending to spur the recovery. (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; JEWEL SAMAD/AFP/Getty Images)

  • Romney On Taxes

    "I'm not going to raise taxes on anyone," a pledge also rendered as, "I will not raise taxes on the middle class." Romney promises not only to keep the Bush tax cuts for all but to bring down rates a further 20 percent. He'd also eliminate the capital gains tax for families making below $200,000 and cut the corporate tax to 25 percent from 35 percent. Although the promised cuts are clear enough, just how he would pay for them is a mystery. He's talked about reducing some deductions and exemptions in the tax code but won't say which. (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; NICHOLAS KAMM/AFP/GettyImages)

  • Obama On Foreign Oil

    Cut imports of foreign oil by half by 2020. For generations, presidents have fruitlessly held out the dream of making the U.S. self-sufficient in energy. But the boom in domestic production may at last be nudging the nation toward that goal. (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images)

  • Romney On Health Care

    Repeal Obama's health care law, his clarion call since the GOP primaries. Rolling back the massive overhaul, now that it has had more than two years to sprout roots, could be a massive undertaking of its own. Some of his promises in this area are showmanship, such as his pledge to issue waivers from the law to all 50 states on the first day of his presidency. Many states don't want out of the law, and it can't be dismantled with the mere stroke of his pen anyway. In any event, the law's repeal is one big promise he will be judged on, especially by the tea party activists who were suspicious early on about his conservative credentials. (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; Photo by David Greedy/Getty Images)

  • Obama On Oil Companies

    End subsidies to the oil industry. A leftover promise that went nowhere in the last four years. (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; CHRIS KLEPONIS/AFP/Getty Images)

  • Romney On The Budget

    Balance the budget by 2020. Vital specifics are lacking from this pledge, such as which big federal programs he'd cut and how else he would save money when also wants to cut taxes, increase military spending and restore more than $700 billion in Medicare cuts over 10 years. (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; Photo by Mark Lyons/Getty Images)

  • Obama On Iran

    Prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons. The U.S. has imposed painful oil and financial penalties on Iran to persuade it to cease uranium enrichment activity, so far without apparent success. Obama has left open the possibility of military action if that's what it takes to stop Iranian nuclear development. (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; Photo by Michael Reynolds-Pool/Getty Images)

  • Romney On Energy

    "We will achieve North American energy independence by 2020." By that, he means the U.S. would have its energy needs completely met by its own resources and those of Canada and Mexico. As with Obama's pledge to cut oil imports by half, Romney's promise has become conceivable ? if still a steep climb ? thanks to technology and market forces that have brought vast reserves of natural gas, along with other energy sources, within reach. (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; Photo by Getty Images)

  • Obama On Corporate Tax Breaks

    "Take away tax breaks for companies shipping jobs overseas" as part of a plan to invigorate domestic manufacturing. A tougher slog than it might sound. U.S. corporations don't pay U.S. taxes on overseas profits unless they bring that cash back to the United States. Obama says this encourages outsourcing. Republicans say taxing such profits would make U.S. companies move headquarters overseas, not just production. (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; SAUL LOEB/AFP/Getty Images)

  • Romney On Keystone Pipeline

    Quickly approve the Keystone XL oil pipeline from Canada, delayed by Obama because of environmental concerns, as part of the push for more energy supply. (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images)

  • Obama On Immigration

    "I want to make sure that we get comprehensive immigration reform that gives young people who've been raised here a chance to live out their own American dream." This failed before. Obama would try again, and counts it as the first thing he would do next year after a deficit-cutting deal. Without needing congressional action, he decided on a temporary measure in June letting up to 1.7 million young illegal immigrants stay and work for up to two years. (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; BRENDAN SMIALOWSKI/AFP/GettyImages)

  • Romney On China

    Label China a currency manipulator. Central to Romney's pledge to get tougher with unfair trade practices. The move would set the stage for broad trade penalties and could lead to a trade war between the two huge economies. (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; EMMANUEL DUNAND/AFP/Getty Images)

  • Obama On Higher Education

    Make higher education affordable for everyone, in part by halving the growth in college tuition over 10 years. Ensure by the end of the decade that the U.S. has more people with college degrees than any other country, recruit 100,000 math and science teachers in 10 years, help 2 million workers attend community college. (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; Photo by David Greedy/Getty Images)

  • Romney On Immigration

    Overhaul immigration laws. The features of Romney's plan are foggier than Obama's, but he favors a strengthened system of tracking illegal immigrants through their U.S. employers, supports completion of the U.S.-Mexico border fence and opposes any broad-based move to establish a path to citizenship except for those who served in the armed forces. He promises to achieve this overhaul before the two-year work permits granted by Obama expire, and he would honor those in the meantime. Promises those who study legally in the U.S. that "if you get an advanced degree here, we want you to stay here_ so we will staple a green card to your diploma." (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; MANDEL NGAN/AFP/GettyImages)

  • Obama On Climate Change

    "My plan will continue to reduce the carbon pollution that is heating our planet_ because climate change is not a hoax. More droughts and floods and wildfires are not a joke." From his convention speech, this was a rare reference to climate change from a president who pledged strong action in a first term, then fell mostly silent about it after promised legislation to cap emissions failed. Even so, Obama has come at the issue in other ways, treating carbon dioxide as a pollutant under the law and steering billions of dollars into cleaner energy. (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; ATTILA KISBENEDEK/AFP/Getty Images)

  • Romney On Medicare

    Protect Medicare for those in or near retirement, change it for future retirees. Starting in 2022, retirees could choose to buy their own health insurance, with voucher-like payments from the government, or stay with traditional Medicare. Questions persist about whether the payments would be sufficient and whether traditional Medicare would remain as comprehensive as now. (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; Photo by David Greedy/Getty Images)

  • Obama On Medicare

    Strengthen Medicare by reducing the cost of health care. Steps already taken under the health care law improve benefits while cutting payments to hospitals and other providers by more than $700 billion over a decade ? cuts used to help working-age Americans get insurance. (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; Photo by Dennis Brack-Pool/Getty Images)

  • Romney On Medicaid

    Turn Medicaid over to the states with block grants, a huge change to a major program. Sure to cause a donnybrook in Congress ? and an important step for conservatives who want states overall to gain more authority and flexibility from Washington. (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; Photo by Mark Lyons/Getty Images)

  • Obama On Jobs

    "We can help big factories and small businesses double their exports, and if we choose this path, we can create a million new manufacturing jobs in the next four years. You can make that happen. You can choose that future." In October, manufacturers added 13,000 jobs after shedding 27,000 the previous two months ? not the makings of a renaissance. Obama has set an ambitious target, considering that manufacturing jobs have been steadily declining for nearly two decades. (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; NICHOLAS KAMM/AFP/Getty Images)

  • Romney On Trade

    Seek freer trade with Latin America and other parts of the world, a leading element of Romney's job-creation pledge. (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; EMMANUEL DUNAND/AFP/Getty Images)

  • Obama On Big Government

    Consolidate a "whole bunch" of federal agencies dealing with business issues into one new department led by a secretary of business. (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; JEWEL SAMAD/AFP/GettyImages)

  • Romney On Day One

    Day One alone: "Start the process of repealing Obamacare" with waivers, cut off federal money for Planned Parenthood and the U.N. Population Fund, reinstate the policy banning federal money to international groups that perform abortions or provide abortion information, designate China a currency manipulator, "reverse every single Obama regulation that attacks our religious liberty and threatens innocent life," take "bold action" to create jobs, and ? perhaps after lunch?_ "do everything in my power to end these days of drift and disappointment." (Text by The <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121104/us-presidential-campaign-promises/">Associated Press</a>; Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)

  • Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/27/paul-ryan-meet-the-press_n_2563558.html

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    In breast cancer metastasis, researchers identify possible drug target

    Jan. 27, 2013 ? The spread of breast cancer to distant organs within the body, an event that often leads to death, appears in many cases to involve the loss of a key protein, according to UC San Francisco researchers, whose new discoveries point to possible targets for therapy.

    In the January 27, 2013 online edition of Nature Cell Biology, UCSF scientists describe for the first time how the protein, known as GATA3 -- which is abnormal or absent in many cases of human breast cancer -- normally acts downstream in biochemical pathways to prevent the distant spread of cancer, an event called metastasis.

    The discovery points to a biochemical control point that simultaneously holds in check several key events required for tumor cells to successfully spread.

    "When GATA3 is present, it turns off many genes that are active in metastasis," said Zena Werb, PhD, a UCSF professor of anatomy who led the research. "We now have identified the molecular mechanisms involved."

    The key finding of the new study is that GATA3 acts downstream biochemically to activate a molecule -- obscure until now -- called microRNA29b. MicroRNA29b in turn stops protein production from other genes that play vital roles in metastasis.

    The absence or loss of GATA3 can free cancerous cells to break free from their defined roles and tethers within a tumor, to move away from the tumor mass, to induce cancer-promoting inflammation, and to stimulate the development of new blood vessels that can help spreading cancerous cells regrow as tumors in new locations.

    "People knew that some of these genes were turned on in some cancers, but they did not know they were turned on because GATA3 and microRNA29b were turned off," Werb said. "If you have 20 genes that are becoming less active all at once due to microRNA29b, it could have a profound effect."

    Working with mice, the researchers found that restoring microRNA29b to one of the most deadly types of breast cancer stopped metastasis. But the researchers also found that if they knocked out the microRNA29b, tumors spread even in the presence of GATA3, suggesting that microRNA29b can be the driver of metastasis.

    In the mouse models of breast cancer studied by Werb's team, GATA3 normally restrains cancerous cells from breaking away from the main tumor and migrating to other organs.

    It might be possible, Werb said, to develop drugs that inhibit breast cancer metastasis by re-activating these controls in cancerous cells that have lost the normal protein.

    Many researchers who study early stages of cancer focus on abnormal genes and proteins that cause cells to expand their numbers rapidly, a hallmark of cancer.

    However, the ability to spread to distant places and to eventually cause lethal complications requires not only cell division and tumor growth, but also changes in how the cancerous cell negotiates with its surroundings. This relationship must be altered to permit cancer to spread, according to earlier research findings by Werb and others.

    "Many of the key processes in cancer that GATA3 suppresses take place outside the cell, in the surrounding environment," she said.

    GATA3 is a master control for luminal cells, which line the milk-carrying ducts of the breast. In essence, GATA3 dictates the defining characteristics of a normal breast cell, Werb said.

    Luminal breast cancers are the most common form of the disease, and the hormones estrogen and progesterone drive their growth. Loss of the normal GATA3 protein as luminal breast cancers evolve is associated with a greater risk of death, Werb said, and occurs in roughly 10 percent of luminal breast cancer cases.

    But, along with many other proteins, GATA3 also is absent in "triple negative," breast cancers, which are more often fatal. Triple negative breast cancers, which disproportionately affect black women and younger women, do not depend on the hormones, nor do they require a third growth factor, called HER2.

    Triple negative breast cancers, which account for roughly one-in-five breast cancers, have been more difficult to target successfully with newer treatments.

    "The targeting we would like to do is to give back microRNA29b specifically to breast tumor cells to prevent metastasis," Werb said.

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    Story Source:

    The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of California - San Francisco, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

    Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


    Journal Reference:

    1. Jonathan Chou, Jeffrey H. Lin, Audrey Brenot, Jung-whan Kim, Sylvain Provot, Zena Werb. GATA3 suppresses metastasis and modulates the tumour microenvironment by regulating?microRNA-29b expression. Nature Cell Biology, 2013; DOI: 10.1038/ncb2672

    Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

    Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

    Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/health_medicine/genes/~3/9MKEP8kbDFI/130127134214.htm

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